Explore aerospace, materials, and semiconductor pathways—and how CTE career programs can equip students with in-demand skills, credentials, and real-world experience.
From bridges and public parks to smart technology and life-changing medical devices, engineering and manufacturing professionals play a role in nearly every aspect of our lives. It’s an industry that offers exciting opportunities for professional growth.
But students can’t be what they can’t see. Through rigorous curriculum and work-based learning (WBL) opportunities, high school engineering students can build durable skills, solve ill-defined problems, and become adaptable critical thinkers who add value in any role.
Read on to discover three high-demand career pathways to spotlight in career and technical education (CTE) programs—including the key certifications, competencies, and emerging trends students can start learning now.
Professionals in this innovative industry design, construct, and test aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft. Educators can highlight engineering roles related to stress testing, flight control design, and structural analysis in high school engineering and STEM courses.
| Growth Rate (2024-34) | Job Openings | Median Annual Salary |
| 6% faster than average | 4,500 per year | $130,720 |
Aerospace technologists and technicians typically need an associate degree or industry certificates. Most other jobs require at least a bachelor’s degree in engineering or a related field.
High schools should offer principles of engineering and aerospace engineering courses to expand readiness and opportunity. The following professional and technical skills will help students stand out with employers and colleges:
Math, physics, and data analysis
Analytical thinking and problem solving
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Computer programming
Computer-aided design (CAD) software such as Autodesk® AutoCAD®
Visualization tools such as Microsoft® Visual Studio
Mentorships, apprenticeships, and internships are crucial experiences for programs of study. School leaders can enable career exploration by forming strategic partnerships that support local workforce initiatives and educational goals. Students will also benefit from STEM and space camps, which help build a network of professional connections.
Aerospace engineering is a rapidly growing industry, thanks in large part to technology like AI and machine learning. Developments include:
Advanced aerial mobility (AAM) technology such as autonomous and remotely piloted aircraft
Positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies such as satellites and GPS
Use of drones to detect forest fires, deliver items, and conduct land surveys
Professionals in this high-wage industry select, develop, and test materials to create a wide range of products. Educators can highlight roles in areas such as materials development, metallurgy, extrusion, and research in high school manufacturing programs.
| Growth Rate (2024-34) | Job Openings | Median Annual Salary |
| 6% faster than average | 1,500 per year | $108,100 |
Entry-level materials engineers do not typically need any specific licensure. Most other roles require a bachelor’s degree in materials science and engineering or a related field.
Schools should offer principles of engineering and engineering design courses to expand student readiness and CTE program relevance. Ensure students learn these key employability skills:
Science, math, and chemistry
Analytical thinking and problem solving
Data query software
Computer programming
Computer-aided design (CAD) software such as Autodesk AutoCAD
Visualization tools such as Microsoft Visual Basic
Cooperative-engineering programs and other WBL initiatives provide documented academic and technical knowledge, while also building leadership skills. Students will also benefit from algebra, trigonometry, and chemistry classes.
Materials engineers are expanding their use of products and techniques to support development in the following areas:
3D printing, smart technology, and synthetic biology
New materials such as metal alloys that improve aircraft efficiency
Additively manufactured products for aerospace and biotechnology
Professionals in this emerging industry set up and monitor the creation of microelectronics such as integrated circuits and microchips. To explore this sector in high school, educators can highlight semiconductor processing technician roles such as device processing engineer, manufacture specialist, wafer fabrication engineering, and process technician.
| Growth Rate (2024–34) | Job Openings | Median Annual Salary |
| 11% faster than average | 3,900 per year | $51,180 |
Entry-level employees typically receive on-the-job training, requiring a high school diploma or equivalent. Some technicians may choose to complete a certificate or associate degree program.
Students should take principles of engineering and advanced manufacturing courses to build career readiness and relevant knowledge. Expertise in the following areas provides transferable skills employers are looking for:
Dexterity and attention to detail
Communication and critical thinking
Data query software
Industrial control programs
Equipment maintenance
Cleanroom operations
Apprenticeships and internships in high-tech manufacturing facilities provide hands-on experience using semiconductor processing equipment and techniques. Students should also take higher-level math, science, and digital electronics coursework.
In response to high demand for microchips and similar technology, the semiconductor manufacturing sector is experiencing a boom in the following areas:
Additive manufacturing (AM) and other cyber-physical systems
Model-based everything (MBx) and digital-twin technology
Worldwide expansion of semiconductor fabrication facilities
Preparing high school students to earn industry-recognized credentials (IRCs) and certifications gives students a competitive edge they won't get in traditional education. With curriculum that connects to IRC learning objectives, students can graduate with the proven expertise employers and college admissions offices are looking for.
Engineering and manufacturing pathways that go beyond the basics give students deep industry knowledge and the confidence to pursue a future they may not have considered. With high-quality CTE programs designed for flexibility, teachers can integrate relevant research projects, speaking sessions with local industry professionals, and practical career experiences.
PLTW Engineering curriculum connects to state standards and mirrors industry situations. In each scaffolded lesson, students apply knowledge and skills as they collaborate and test ideas to design solutions for everything from city-wide walkability to sledgehammer durability.
Data Sources: O*Net Online; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics